The World Is A Diverse Place - 1420 Words

The world is a diverse place, and Julie Bishop once said Our cultural diversity has most certainly shaped our national character, which was certainly true during the Reformation. There were huge differences between the Jews and Christians, men and women, and rich and poor, some of which ended up causing great conflict between the different sects of society. The large disparities between major groups of people, including rich and poor, men and women, and Jews and Christians naturally lent itself to the frequent condition of war during the Reformation. The Reformation, a time of religious political cultural and intellectual upheaval of the Church, splintered Europe leading to the overall definition of modern structures and beliefs (The Reformation). The Catholic Church defined what Christianity was, and along with the question of papal authority, was questioned by reformers of the day. One of the most influential reformers was Martin Luther. An Austrian monk, whose purpose when he nail ed his 95 Theses to the doors of the Wittenberg Church was to reform the Church from the inside out. Not only did he protest the sale of indulgences within his 95 Theses, he also translated the Bible into German and created pamphlets in the vernacular, letting faith be for all instead of a select few. Another influential reformer was John Calvin, a French protestant who created a doctrine (while in exile) that was later put into practice in Geneva. It emphasized the power of God, as well asShow MoreRelatedCultural Diversity in the Workplace Essay968 Words   |  4 Pageseffectively manage the work force that is increasing in the diverse lines of ethnicity, physical ability, race, gender and sexual preferences and age. In this challenge is the notion that the best, brightest most qualified employee’s come from several different cultural background identities. To this level it stands to recongnize that individuals and work places who come to welcome and value the perspectives and talents of employee’s from cultural diverse back rounds will have a advantage over those thatRead MoreWe Need A Culturally Diverse Class867 Words   |  4 PagesDo we need a culturally diverse class? I do believe strongly that it is very essential that colleges should have a culturally diverse class. College should offer these classes considering that culturally diverse class will enhance students’ knowledge of various cultures that are significant to history. These classes that involve learning about cultures are imperative, especially to the Historically Black Colleges and Universities. These classes are important to have considering it teaches rich historyRead MoreThe Changing Composition Of Workforce And Values918 Words   |  4 PagesThe Changing Composition of Workforce and Values South Florida is a very diverse region of the United States. A large part of the population consists of immigrants from all over the world. The author Stephen Covey once said â€Å"Strength lies in differences, not in similarities.† This quote summarizes the importance of diversity and how differences can strengthen an organization. This paper will review how the composition of the workforce has changed over the years. It will cover the importance of diversityRead MoreThe Multicultural Workforce Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Telecommunication is a vital element within a growing company. But it is the diversity of a multicultural workforce that is the actual drive of the business. Telecommunication is the fastest way businesses are conducted all over the world. Employees would be lost without the aide of their computers, fax machines, and cellular phones. These machines not only make the work load process smoother and faster, but it also gets results quicker. In order for a corporation to strive and haveRead MoreThe Problems Within The Workplace Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesmale-dominated workforce of the 1950s, and how that has changed, is the basis for the research and will be discussed throughout. Having worked in, what I believe is, one of the most diverse environments in the world (unsubstantiated) is the driving force behind this paper. The upper echelons of the corporate world are dissected and approached from a systemic view as to let the reader know that the word diversity does not necessary translate into leadership. Job satisfaction and job involvementRead MoreEmbracing Diversity Eth/1251596 Words   |  7 Pagestoward ethnic groups. We a s a society will need to become more diverse in our society to accommodate this growth in our population. Some will fear this â€Å"invasion† of our borders, but others will be ready to embrace it with opportunity. Our country is ready for change and this is the change that could continue to make this the greatest country that it is. Some of the challenges the culture of the United States face due to the diverse people in the country is communication. Another challenge is theRead MorePersonal Philosophy Of Leadership And Generational Lines974 Words   |  4 PagesPERSONAL APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP 2 Personal Approach to Leadership across Cultural and Generational Lines The world seems to be getting smaller, and a harmonized place of work seems to be something of the yesteryears. Instead, current leaders are required to deal with a diversity of employees across generational in addition to cultural lines, respectively with their personal values, work ethic, as well as desires. TheRead MoreStrategic Analysis : Strategic Human Resource Management Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pagessystems in place that could be analyzed and evaluated for ongoing improvements. This could also create a further opportunity to execute more diversity within the organization. To implement diversity HR must: - LINK DIVERSITY TO THE BOTTOM LINE greater diversity- greater span of experience - MAKE DIVERSITY EVIDENT ON ALL ORGANIZATION LEVELS this makes employees feel confident and safe. Lead by example that there is room for promotion amongst employees. - IS YOUR COMPANY TRULY DIVERSE in yourRead MoreA Brief Note On Race And Gender, And The Family Medical Leave Act Essay1493 Words   |  6 Pagesculture where people from diverse backgrounds can work together harmoniously! Globalization has transformed society and has had its impact on diversity from the president of the free world, Barack Obama, changing the look of leadership from a middle aged white male to anyone can be president of the United States. Since the world has become intergrated, every business must embrace diversity in the workforce because it represents their customers and suppliers. â€Å"A diverse body of talent with freshRead MoreAdvantages Of Diversity-Conscious Leadership950 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity-Conscious Leadership (APA Citation) The United States is a diverse nation with citizens originating from every other nation on Earth. Despite this diversity, Americans have only recently begun to identify diversity as a integral part of the workplace; and put into practice programs to diversify, and therefore, maximize efficiency and production. However, simply diversifying the workplace, or any other place for that matter, will not automatically increase the efficiency of workers

Essay on The Harlem Renaissance - 1184 Words

During the 20th century a unique awakening of mind and spirit, of race consciousness, and artistic advancement emerged within the African American community in New York City. This emergence has brought about the greatest artistic movement in African American history. After the failure of the Reconstruction period the Negro was not considered either a person or an America. The idea that a Negro was an American was totally unacceptable to the white ruling class. The acceptance of lynching and denied voting rights and equal protection under the law, and equal education and housing in Southern states affirmed their non- personhood in America. During the 20th century a new generation†¦show more content†¦African Americans throughout the United States and abroad became part of the movement in Harlem. . New forms of blues, jazz, and ragtime flourished during this time. The development of the phonograph, radio, and works by Scott Joplin, and Eubie Blake became the most popular music in Harlem and in America. This new sound influenced the more conservative sounds of European and folk music. It also brought forth black Broadway musicals beginning with Eubie Blake and Noble Sissle’s musical â€Å"Shuffle Along† in 1921.By 1930, this music brought forth such musical legends as Jelly Roll Morton and Louis Armstrong, from New Orleans, and the voice of Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald made the music more well known. Poets, playwrights, novelists and artists came from all over the United States to Harlem , to share their thoughts, their stories of the past, and art that expressed Negro life and the beauty seen through their eyes even though racism existed. Sometimes it was difficult to get recognition or exposure in the literary community. But W.E.B. Du Bois presented many works in his magazine the Crisis. Also Mr. Spurgeon Johnson, a member of the National Urban League, hosted parties for newcomersShow MoreRelatedHarlem And The Harlem Renaissance Essay2269 Words   |  10 Pagessouthern African Americans migrated to a city called Harlem in New York. They relocated due to dogmatism and intolerance of melanin diverging out the of pores of many white southerners. The African Americans who migrated found new opportunities both economic and artistic that resulted to the creation of a stable middle class Black –Americans (Dover, 2006). This was the Harlem Renaissance a cultural, social, and artistic explosion. The core of Harlem expressed by Alain Locke is that through art, â€Å"negroRead MoreHarlem And The Harlem Renaissance1430 Words   |  6 Pagesmoved in to urban cities such as Chicago, Detroit, and Harlem. Out of these northern metropolises, the most popular was Harlem; â€Å"here in Manhattan (Harlem) is not merely the largest Negro community in the world, but the first concentration in history of so many diverse element of Negro life†(1050). Harlem became the mecca of black people, and between the years of 1920 and the late 1930s it was known as the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance, brought artiest, poets, writers, musicians, and intelligentRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance850 Words   |  4 Pages Giselle Villanueva History IB Mr. Flores February 7, 2016 Period 4 Word Count: 693 Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance was the first period in the history of the United States in which a group of black poets, authors, and essayist seized the opportunity to express themselves. The Great Migration was the movement of six million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North during 1916 to 1970. Driven from their homes by unsatisfactory economic opportunities and harsh segregationistRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1154 Words   |  5 PagesIV AP 16 November 2015 The Harlem Renaissance The early 1900s was a time marked with tragedy in America. Started and ended with the Great Depression in between, it was not America s finest moment. Prohibition was in place, the Klu Klux Klan was still marching, and the Lost Generation was leaving for Paris. But despite the troubling times, people still found beauty and meaning in the world around them. They still created art and celebrated life. The Harlem Renaissance was an artistic and literaryRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance941 Words   |  4 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement, in the early 1920’s, that involved vibrancies of new life, ideas, and perceptions. The large migration of African Americans northward, after World War I, allowed people of color the opportunity to collaborate in the New York City neighborhood, known as Harlem. This renaissance allowed the city to thrive on a refined understanding and appreciation of the arts. Many individuals were involved in this movement including doctors, s tudents, shopkeepers,Read MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1317 Words   |  6 Pagesday is the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance is the cultural movement of the 1920’s. The movement essentially kindled a new black cultural identity through art, literature and intellect. The Harlem Renaissance started during the Roaring Twenties. It took place in Harlem, New York. It became most prominent in the mid to late 1920’s and it diminished toward the early 1930’s (Henderson). The Harlem Renaissance was initially called the New Negro Movement or the New Negro Renaissance. It was theRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chapter 1 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harlem Renaissance, an African American cultural movement of the 1920s and early 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. According to Wintz: The Harlem Renaissance was â€Å"variously known as the New Negro movement, the New Negro Renaissance, and the Negro Renaissance, the movement emerged toward the end of World War I in 1918, blossomed in the mid- to late 1920s, and then withered in the mid-1930sRead MoreHarlem Renaissance Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesHARLEM RENAISSANCE Throughout the history of African Americans, there have been important historical figures as well as times. Revered and inspirational leaders and eras like, Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement, Nat Turner and the slave revolt, or Huey Newton and the Black Panther Party. One such period that will always remain a significant part of black art and culture is the Harlem Renaissance. It changed the meaning of art and poetry, as it was known then. Furthermore, theRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesHARLEM RENAISSANCE Throughout the history of African Americans, there have been important historical figures as well as times. Revered and inspirational leaders and eras like, Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement, Nat Turner and the slave revolt, or Huey Newton and the Black Panther Party. One such period that will always remain a significant part of black art and culture is the Harlem Renaissance. It changed the meaning of art and poetry, as it was known then. Furthermore, theRead More The Harlem Renaissance Essay524 Words   |  3 Pages Harlem Renaissance nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Harlem Renaissance was a time of racism, injustice, and importance. Somewhere in between the 1920s and 1930s an African American movement occurred in Harlem, New York City. The Harlem Renaissance exalted the unique culture of African-Americans and redefined African-American expression. It was the result of Blacks migrating in the North, mostly Chicago and New York. There were many significant figures, both male and female, that had taken part

A Business Information System Free Essays

Gerald had never established a computer system in his home, let alone in his office. His small business was suffering, and his three employees encouraged Gerald to set up a basic yet powerful information system that would enable him to keep track of orders, inventory, payroll data, and client account information. Selling dried beans procured from organic farms around the United States and a recovering carnivore, Gerald had also been a techno-phobe for years. We will write a custom essay sample on A Business Information System or any similar topic only for you Order Now His employees had to do most of the work setting up the computer system, starting from scratch. The following is a description of how Gerald set up his company’s information system and made selling beans easier. After telling Gerald that his would unfortunately be neither an artificial intelligence system nor one that used robotics, Jane, John, and Ollie purchased the fundamental pieces of hardware from a local electronics chain store. â€Å"You really only need the basics of an office system: including an accounting system, an inventory control system, payroll system, and order entry system. Robotics and artificial intelligence are unnecessary to sell beans,† they said. Next, the team phoned the local cable provider and procured Cable Internet access and the requisite cable modem. All three of them were fed up with conventional dial-up Internet access. Explaining the fundamentals of the Windows XP operating system, the team showed Gerald how to launch the application software preloaded on the computer, including the solitaire games, audio, video, and multimedia software. When he was familiar with using his mouse and keyboard and with the operating system basics, Gerald learned how to access the Internet and World Wide Web using the Internet Explorer Web browser. The first activities Gerald was eager to perform on the Internet included online shopping and downloading online music. Before long Gerald registered for online gaming sites. However, Jane, John, and Ollie also showed Gerald how to conduct online banking for his personal and professional accounts and also to manage his stock portfolio using online investing. Jane also showed Gerald how to set up his e-mail accounts: one was set up through the Internet Service Provider (ISP), but the other was a web-based throw-away e-mail address to protect the primary address from SPAM. SPAM, Jane told Gerald, could be minimized by using the opt-out buttons on many Web page registration forms and by periodically clearing unwanted cookies from the browser. Because Jane, John, and Ollie also wanted their own computer terminals, they talked Gerald into buying a computer for each of them. They therefore had to set up a computer network using a router and hub connecting all their Ethernet cables. Knowing the potential for hacking and the negative impact unauthorized access could have on the business, the team decided to purchase an external hardware firewall rather than rely on software versions. Additionally, to prevent hardware theft, Gerald purchased an electronic security system for the entire office, and John bought a surge suppressor for extra protection against data damage. Additionally, John showed Gerald how to perform regular backups using the CDRW drive. The team then showed Gerald how to run his antivirus program to scan for any computer virus, computer worm, or Trojan Horse that could threaten the system or network. Ollie also acquired some free anti-spyware and anti-malware software to help the company secure information privacy and prevent against identity theft. Once all the safeguards were in place, the network was up and running. Jane, John, and Ollie worked together on system development and system design. All three would also serve together as systems analysts and perform systems maintenance. If any system failure occurred that was beyond the capabilities of Jane, John, or Ollie, they would phone a local expert. In addition to inputting data into the payroll, accounting, and inventory systems, the team wanted to design a Web site for Gerald so that he could drum up more business. Jane was put in charge of page layout, which she gleaned from Web sites that she liked. She also created an animated GIF and a java applet for use on the home page of the web site. With his extensive knowledge of HTML and java, Ollie was in charge of coding of the site. He created a comprehensive order entry system enabling all of Gerald’s customers to order beans directly from the Web site. The orders would immediately be tracked through the company’s inventory processing system. John, with his marketing background, preferred to be less involved in the Web site design and more involved in customer relationship management (CRM). Writing an e-book about the different beans that Gerald sold, including kidney, pinto, and lima, John also did most of the work on creating the computer inventory system. A graphic of each bean would help customers distinguish between the various legumes in the e-book, which described the health benefits and history of each bean. John also encouraged Gerald to start his own blog, telling customers about new bean recipes as well as about new retail market opportunities. Because they each had a wireless phone and remote access to the enterprise-wide system they had helped create, Jane, John, and Ollie talked Gerald into their telecommuting one day per week. How to cite A Business Information System, Essay examples

Project Management Reconstructing Project Management

Question: Define Project Management for Reconstructing Project Management. Answer: Introduction: The utilisation of project management methodologies is increasing due to the fast international expansion of the businesses. The project management methodologies have been arrived to identify necessary components of a project and adopt right execution of the steps to improve the existing services to the marketplace. In the words of Hyvri (2006), project management (PM) methodologies help the managers to initiate evidence-based decisions that best fits the overall organisational goals. Considering the fact, the present study evaluates the role of methods in serving a project management. Also, different methodologies and processes along with various comparisons have been made in the current study. Finally, the study draws a relationship between the chosen methods with the overall project life cycle. The definition of process and its role in the project management: The project management methodology was identified in the year 1960. Davidson Frame (2014) stated that the approach offers effective measures to resolve a particular issue in a structured and unique way. Also, Levin (2013) indicated that project management methodology is the combination of logically related practices, methods and processes so that the best business plan can be executed within the organisation. On the other hand, the project management methodology is process centric more, and it is not a formula. In one word, PM methodology serves as the tool to systematically realise the change process regarding the time, cost and quality. Through a PM approach, organisations experience strategic, tactical and operational benefits. In the words of Davidson Frame (2014), groups can comprehensively tackle project based issues. On the other hand, the methodology level ensures error identification and mitigation at the initial stage of the project. Finally, the logical sequence of project management methodology helps the firm to deliver cost effective project solutions to the enterprise. Evaluation regarding the similarities and contrasts between the methodologies Waterfall model: The waterfall model is identified as the non-interative design process that is utilised in the software development process. According to Leffingwell Widrig (2010), the Waterflow model is primarily used in the construction and the manufacturing workflow process. The model flows in the downward direction through the stages of conception, analysis, design, initiation, testing, construction, implementation and maintenance. Agile model: The agile model is the Rapid Application Development, which is progressed by considering the drawbacks of the Waterfall model. Kunal (2013) has presented an argumentative statement, which signifies that the Agile model can be an updated version of framework, but, the implementation is done through the support of Scrum. Similarities The developments of both the models are highly user focused, which provides more efficient and frequent direction to the project managers. According to Hyvri (2006), both the methodologies provide unique opportunities to its clients, starting from the prioritising features to the iteration planning and examining the frequent software developments through the new features. Dissimilarities In the Waterfall model, the software development is completed as a one single project that is divided into several phases and each of the phases appear only during the SDLC process. However, the Agile framework considers the collection of infinite projects and improves the overall performance of the software by examining its iteration stages. Identify the Relation between the chosen methodologies and the project life cycle The project life cycle model incorporates the five significant steps those are initiation, planning, execution and control and the closure. The waterfall model is also comprised of five significant steps that include requirements, design, execution, testing and release. As the model follows a linear sequential flow, thus the procedural design of this specific model is completely satisfied that the determinants of the project life cycle process (Kunal, 2013). On the other hand, the components of the agile model like Inception, Transition, Technical Design and Construction indicate the embracing change in the development phase of the project life cycle. Therefore, it could be inferred that the methodologies and the technical of the agile model are also correlated to the overall framework of the PLC. The waterfall model helps the project manager to balance the cost, quality, risk, scope and the other needful requirement of the project. In this similar way, the agile model divides the re sponsibilities of the project manager within three agile roles to progress robustly in an incremental way. The iterative approach and incremental methodology of these two models are entirely feasible to conduct an effective project management process (Masood et al. 2015). Hence, it could be deduced that both the methodologies and design pattern of these two models are capable of providing a successful well-ordered project development and the overall operational process of the project life cycle. Conclusion: The existing study attempts to determine the importance of the methodology in the project management structure. The study states that both the Waterfall and Agile models are appropriate to alleviate the necessities of the project life cycle. However, the characteristics of the Agile model are more updated than the Waterfall model. References: Davidson Frame, J. (2014) Reconstructing project management, Project Management Journal, 45(1), e2e2 Hyvri, I. (2006). Project management effectiveness in project-oriented business organizations. International Journal of Project Management, 24(3), 216225 Kunal, N. A. (2013). A waterfall model of microfinance: Innovation and entrepreneurship for sustainable development. International Journal of Business and Globalisation, 10(4), 439445. Leffingwell, D., Widrig, D. (2010).Agile software requirements: Lean requirements practices for teams, programs, and the enterprise (agile software development series)(4th ed.). Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Levin, G. (2013). Project management for non-project managers. Project Management Journal, 44(5), e2e2 Masood Butt, S., Onn, A., Tabassam, N., Abdul Majid, M. (2015). Usability evaluation techniques for agile software model. Journal of Software, 10(1), 3241

Critique of film by Tony Gilroy

Movie has been used for years as a way through which people depict issues that happen in the society. On the same note, movie can be used as an entertainment aspect when people want to relax. Nevertheless, while some other movies are well cast and plotted, there are others which do not meet the best criteria.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critique of film by Tony Gilroy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Academically, studying film is very interesting given the opportunity it provides for the students to understand some crucial aspects of film. The movie duplicity directed by Tony Gilroy is an American feature film that was produced in 2009. It is a very entertaining movie on crime, love and comedy mixed together. It is, however, crucial to evaluate various aspects of the movie to come up with a fair judgment. The story of the movie is about two spies who were working for the government but have had to resign in order to take well paying jobs in the private sector. The two met some years back but the events that unfolded during their meeting were not very encouraging. Nevertheless, the two spies find themselves working together in the cosmetic industry (Fox, Bickford Gilroy, 2009). Their love story is spiced up by the fact that they both have a common agenda to fulfill. In the corporate sector where the two spies find themselves working, there is a war of survival. Two giant cosmetics manufacturers aim at suffocating the each other in order to increase profit margins. As a result, the two firms are at the neck of each other to know which technology is being introduced. The firms have even gone to the extent of hiring undercover detectives so as to get information about their opponents as and when it comes up. When the two agents met, nobody knew the other well and ray ended up being drugged by Claire and his crucial documents stolen (Fox et al., 2009). As the story unfolds it becomes clear that there is no trust between the two though they seem to be in love. The story is able to maintain a sense of suspense throughout which makes it interesting and captivating at the same time. Moreover, the writers incorporate flashbacks in explaining past events thus making the story somewhat easy to follow. On the same note, the comedy that is incorporated is crucial as it helps in maintaining the attention of the audience (Elsasser Buckland, 2002). The element of dilemma is also appetizing as it ensures that the curiosity of the audience remains high. It is, however, worth noting that the flashbacks used in the movie are very many and the confusion that is created by these overrides the main intention of clearing the confusion. Additionally, the plot of the movie is complex and understanding it needs high degree of concentration (Elsasser Buckland, 2002). It is also notable that the movie is a bit too long for the ordinary audience.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As far as acting is concerned, it is better to say that Duplicity has what it takes. It makes use of seasoned actors who know how to use their techniques to keep the audience on their toes. In this regard, it is worth noting that besides the actor in the movie being talented, they are able to create good character throughout the movie. Roberts does not fail to bring up her radiant smiles and personality which help in adding glamour to the movie (Fox et al., 2009). On the same note, Owen brings out his best talent and shows charisma and charm that is able to keep all the audience craving for more. As far as allocation of roles is concerned, the movie has done a great job. Women have been awarded to masculine roles that are usually preserved for men. This is quite crucial in depicting how the society has improved (Elsasser Buckland, 2002). The movie has succeeded in incorporating women actors into action movies while eliminating the idea that women and masculinity are at logger heads. However, the movie does not depict Roberts as people know her. While she is known as an easily lovable lady who is out going, the movie shows her as a calculative lady who is cautious of every step she takes. She is also depicted as a lady who does not trust anything in her life including the money she loves (Fox et al., 2009). The CEO’s are also quite conversant with their roles. In a nutshell, the acting of the movie is splendid. The movie exhibits a super understanding of the spy genre by the director Tony Gilroy. Having written various movies on the same theme, Gilroy seems to have mastered the rules of the game. The way the movie starts is very influential in depicting that even the best spies are human beings and can make mistakes (Fox et al., 2009). This is shown when Ray goes with Claire to have fun only to wake up in the morning and find his documents taken. This shows that each person has some weaknesses and spies are not an exception. The story is made more interesting by the inclusion of romance thus making it more captivating. The style in which the roles are given also depicts mastery of the film making industry. Notably, the director is able to assign various vigorous roles to womenAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critique of film by Tony Gilroy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the same time maintaining societal expectations. Gilroy has been able to differentiate the idea of threatened masculinity and revolution of roles of women in the society. Telling of the story could not be fun without inclusion of comical scenes in the movie (Elsasser Buckland, 2002). As a result, comedy gives the movie a light touch making it compelling to watch. However, the comedy is not convincing enough to swirl the audience out of the idea that all the actors are ruthless money minded people. Moreover, the use of suspense is fundamental in maintaining the urge to watch. The director unfolds events against the expectations of many people when it turns out that the two experienced spies have all along been deceived regarding the existence of a new formula. The short scenes used are also critical in enhancing the understanding of the movie. Nonetheless, the small scenes that are used by the director are not that advantageous. For many people, the short scenes only serve to break the flow of the story every so often thus creating confusion making the theme of the movie hard to comprehend (Elsasser Buckland, 2002). It should, however, be noted that the director shows his mastery of the art of film making when he peaces everything up together to make a single final episode. Regarding the cinematography of the movie, the producers have done a great job. The two spies have been perfectly clothed. The clothes that Roberts wear depict her not as an ordinary lady but as an intell igent spy. She is given a picture of a calculative lady who thinks twice before doing anything. She is very clear on what she wants and the hairstyle compliments this. While spies are taken to be seductive and attractive, Roberts is portrayed as an ice cold person. The long standing rivalry between the two cosmetic manufacturing is the course of all the tricks in the movie. This is concisely exhibited by the slow motion on the tarmac when the two CEOs are approaching each other (Fox et al., 2009). Slow motion helps in showing the reluctance of the two CEOs to meet each other. On the same note, the CEOs are splendidly dressed as serious people and very influential in the corporate society. Their difference is again depicted by their differing characteristics. One CEO is depicted as a dark and quiet person while the other is a forceful person who wants everything in his way. Nonetheless, these characters depict one thing in common, cunningness, and this is what the two CEOs share. The interchange between dark and bright lights is helpful in complimenting rivalry and friendly scenes (Fox et al., 2009). Furthermore, the use of vast rooms and shots from different parts of the world help in enhancing the idea that the two spies have travelled all over the world. This is crucial in making the audience know that they have the required experience for their job. The split screen technology is also perfectly used in the movie.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The movie is able to mix different styles in telling its story. The story is mainly about crime in the corporate sector where each player in the industry seeks for means and ways of eliminating the opponent. Hiring of spies to work in a rival firm helps in depicting that CEOs in the corporate sector will stop at nothing in their quest to be market leaders. The genre is well explained by mixing crime within crime complimenting the story (Elsasser Buckland, 2002). While the firms expect that their spies will give them the information they require without any foul play, the spies have arranged how to get money by stealing what they have been hired to get. Trust is never present in crime since everybody fears the other person. This is well depicted in the movie when Roberts and Owen are unable to trust each other despite the fact that they are in love (Fox et al., 2009). Moreover, the firms that have hired the spies do not even trust them and they have to get other people for the same job. Everybody is in the race to get an upper hand and nothing will deter each person from scheming against the other not even love. There is good mixing of sound and acting in the movie. The jazz music is used with its pop sound. The sound is well timed to give room for the audience to clearly get the conversations that prevail between different actors. Nevertheless, there are other scenes where the background music is too loud for the audience to get some dialogues. An example is when the two CEOs come face to face and stare yelling at each other and the sound blows up leaving the audience wondering what happened (Fox et al., 2009). Nonetheless, sound mixing in various scenes is perfect as it goes with the theme of the movie. Low sounds where the atmosphere is calm and loud sound where probability of quarrels is high. Our society has been marred with capitalism tendencies where everybody seeks for ways to increase his or her paycheck. The corporate world is arguably the most affec ted area. Each firm is out to maximize its profits and one way of attaining this is by eliminating the competitors. That is the reality of life in the contemporary society. This reality seems to have inspired the production of the movie (Elsasser Buckland, 2002). The director wants to bring to the public the things that happen under the carpet in the corporate world. Violence rarely takes place in the competition among corporate and this has not been included in the movie. Though the movie elicits a tense atmosphere from the beginning to the end, violence is not part of the scenes. Society has also come to an age where people are egocentric and all they think of is money and themselves. This seems to inspire the movie when each actor pretends to act for the benefit of their respective corporate when in reality they are out to satisfy their own needs. On the other hand, the movie has a positive impact to society. As depicted from the movie’s final scene, there was no formula after all though everybody was aiming to cash on the same. The spies have been deceived by the firms. They were just wasting their energy. It could have been very helpful if they had been genuine with their job. This tells people in the society that they can also fall prey of the corporate wars so they should take care of their moves. Moreover, the movie is set in the cosmetics industry where people do not expect much rivalry. It is the expectation of many people that the kind of the tension exhibited by the two firms in the movie would occur in information technology sector or intelligence sector. However, the movie shows that tension can occur in any sector (Fox et al., 2009). This influences society to be careful as anything is possible in the corporate sector. Moreover, this shows that crossing and double crossing is the order of the day in the society. The movie is restricted to people under than thirteen years because of the violence and language. However, language is of more concern because there is no actual violence in the movie. The Movie editors have done a great job. There is no overlapping scenes or shots out of context. Moreover, there is clarity of sound in every scene coupled with timely events (Elsasser Buckland, 2002). Volume of background music is cleverly reduced and increased to allow the audience to easily follow the dialogues that ensue as the movie unfolds. The flashbacks are also well placed and the transition from one scene to the other is very subtle (Fox et al., 2009). The movie is very entertaining to watch. It captures both the adults and the youth alike given that besides being involving, it is also thrilling. Other than the plot of the movie being complex to understand, the movie is captivating keeping the audience glued to the screen to the very last minute. Nevertheless, traditional spy movies were meant to deliver a moral uneasiness which is lacking in this movie. On the same note, the movie is unable to bring out the emotio nal aspect in its climax which would have given it a pleasant ending. Nevertheless, the movie is able to sustain the interest of the audience to the end. References Elsasser, T. Buckland, W. (2002). Studying Contemporary American Movies: A Guide to Movie Analysis. London: Arnold. Fox, J., Bickford, L. (Producers), Gilroy, T. (Director). (2009). Duplicity Movie [Motion picture]. United States: Universal Pictures. This essay on Critique of film by Tony Gilroy was written and submitted by user Maverick Macdonald to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

French Pluperfect or Past Subjunctive Tense

French Pluperfect or Past Subjunctive Tense The French pluperfect subjunctive is the least common literary tense - its the literary equivalent of the past subjunctive.Like all literary tenses, the pluperfect subjunctive is used only in literature, historical writings, and other very formal writing, so it is important to be able to recognize it but chances are that you will never in your life need to conjugate it.The pluperfect subjunctive has an identical twin, the second form of the conditional perfect, which is used in literary si clauses. The French pluperfect subjunctive is a  compound conjugation, which means it has two parts: imperfect subjunctive  of the  auxiliary verb  (either  avoir  or  Ãƒ ªtre)past participle  of the main verb Note:  Like all French compound conjugations, the pluperfect subjunctive may be subject to  grammatical  agreement: When the auxiliary verb is  Ãƒ ªtre, the past participle must agree with the subjectWhen the auxiliary verb is  avoir, the past participle may have to agree with its direct object French Pluperfect Subjunctive Conjugations   AIMER  (auxiliary verb is  avoir) j eusse aim nous eussions aim tu eusses aim vous eussiez aim il,elle et aim ils,elles eussent aim DEVENIR  (à ªtre verb) je fusse devenu(e) nous fussions devenu(e)s tu fusses devenu(e) vous fussiez devenu(e)(s) il ft devenu ils fussent devenus elle ft devenue elles fussent devenues SE LAVER  (pronominal verb) je me fusse lav(e) nous nous fussions lav(e)s tu te fusses lav(e) vous vous fussiez lav(e)(s) il se ft lav ils se fussent lavs elle se ft lave elles se fussent laves

United Arab Emirates in the International Market Thesis

United Arab Emirates in the International Market - Thesis Example The United Arab Emirates is situated in the sandy region of the Middle East. It is strategically situated in the Middle East region and very ideal for business between the Far East and Europe and other parts of the world like Soviet Union and Africa. It has been observed that in the recent past, there has been increasing trade in the UAE. This has been fuelled by adoption of free economy policy based on the market system and liberal economy rules which places the private sector in a position to be a major player in entrepreneurship.It is one of the most developed regions in the Middle East and actually a hub of the growing trade environment in the Arabian Gulf.Less government interference in trade has fuelled the growth of the economy due to the contribution made by the private sector. At the same time the government has played its role in ensuring that there is free movement of capital, goods and services which has enabled the private sector to play a major role in the business sect or. (Business Times, 2006) The sudden growth of the UAE has stunned many people in the world. In the last 40 years, the UAE has moved from underdeveloped world to become one of the most developed countries in the Middle East region. The country has been able to attract international investors driven to the region by prospects of oil and gas coupled with the enabling trade environment.... This research paper looks into details the prospects of the UAE in coping with the post oil period. It looks into details the current position of the UAE in the global market and what will happen to the country in the future if in deed the oil reserves will have gone. Research questions In order to understand the current and the future position of the UAE in the global market, this research proposal will look in collecting data in order to answer the following questions. a. Will UAE continue with its economic success story in the future b. If the UAE will continue with its current economic success, will it be relying on oil or doe it mean that it will have to reinvent itself in terms of economical, industry and social structures c. What is the strategic position of the UAE for now and in the future Research objectives The main objectives of this research paper include the following: a. Understand the success story of the UAE and what has fuelled the economic growth. b. Understand the market position of the UAE in the global market through a SWOT analyses. c. Understand the future position of the UAE in the global market. Literature review A SWOT analysis is a useful business tool that helps us to understand the position of an organization in the market. This is achieved through looking in deep details various factors that make up the business and how interact in the market. It looks into the strengths of the business, the weakness of the business, the opportunities and threats that the business is facing. The following is a SWOT analysis of the UAE. The united Arab Emirates commonly known as the Al Emarat Al Arabiyal Al

Guy Fawkes & The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 Research Paper

Guy Fawkes & The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 - Research Paper Example The paper will therefore, outline the political and historical context of the Gunpowder plot and the effect it had to Britain’s culture. Guy Fawkes is one of the York’s known historical characters, being famous for his involvement in the failed Gunpowder plot. Guy Fawkes was a protestant by birth, born in Stone gate, York in the year 1570, after which he became a Roman Catholic after his marriage. Fawkes was the only son in his parents who lived and married in Scotto. He attended school at St. Peter’s where he received Roman Catholic influences among others. Over the years, those who knew him painted him as ‘a man of great piety’ (Fraser 2010, p. 10-15). In the year 1593, he was enlisted in the Spanish Army and in the year 1596, he participated in the capture of the Calais city by the Spanish, as their war with Henry IV of France was underway. In his service in the army, he was furnished as a bravely man and an expert in mining. In the year 1602, he moved to Madrid where he met with Kit Wright and later with Thomas Winter who enrolled him in the gunpowder plot as a useful expert and was unknown to the authority. He played his part well in the plot and behaved in courage and dignity even after his arrest. For several days, Guy Fawkes withstood torture rather than selling his fellow plotters out (MALAM, & MALAM 2008, p. 20-25). Queen Elizabeth 1 had made England one of the Protestant strongholds in Europe, in which under her reign, the Catholics had suffered because of the anti-catholic laws that had been implemented. Therefore, when she died, the Catholics had hoped that King James 1 would scrap out the laws, but as time went by, the religion became stronger and the king felt that his authority was threatened so he implemented the anti-Catholic laws again. Therefore, Guy Fawkes, Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, Thomas Wright among others

Health profile examining a health issue in the community i worked Essay

Health profile examining a health issue in the community i worked - Essay Example The disorder is a chronic inflammatory condition often linked to allergies, in which the airways develop increased responsiveness to various stimuli, characterized by bronchial hyper-responsiveness, inflammation, increased mucus production, and intermittent airway obstruction. The symptoms of asthma, which can range from mild to life threatening, can usually, be controlled with a combination of drugs and lifestyle changes. Many environmental factors are known to precipitate attacks of asthma. These factors are all either allergens or irritants. Allergic factors play a role in many, but by no means every, case of asthma. Some factors and triggers that can cause an asthma attack are: dust, animal dander, pollen, an infection, breathing cold air, exertion, reactions to certain medications, workplace chemicals and cigarette smoke. Asthma is increasingly becoming a public health concern because of its rapidly increasing prevalence, affecting up to one in four urban children.2 Susceptibility to asthma can be explained in part by genetic factors, but no clear pattern of inheritance has been found. Asthma is a complex disease that is influenced by multiple genetic, developmental, and environmental factors, which interact to produce the overall condition. The incidence of asthma seems to be higher among low-income populations, which in the western world are disproportionately minority, and more likely to live near industrial areas. Additionally, asthma has been strongly associated with the presence of cockroaches in living quarters, which is more likely in such neighborhoods.3 A genetic role in asthma has long been suspected, primarily due to the clustering of cases within families and the concordance for asthma in identical twins. Several studies conclude that heredity increases ones chances of developing asthma, particularly if allergies or other allergic conditions are present. Moreover, one may pass this tendency to asthma to the next generation. The

Ataturk Reforms Possible

Ataturk Reforms Possible Abstract: Most studies on Ataturk Reforms focus on the intentions of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Yet, the intentions alone do not explain how the reforms became possible. This paper rather looks at the conditions prevailing at the time of the reforms. It shows that due to a variety of factors, both domestic and international, the state and the society stood in opposite relations in Turkey: the former was exceptionally strong while the latter was seriously weakened and fragmented. The contingent nature of these conditions throws doubt on the re-doability of Ataturk reforms elsewhere. Extremely impressed and overly excited, Bryan Woodman speaks to his wife on the phone. The topic is an Arab Prince, Nasir, he recently met for a business purpose. Having a PhD in economics from Cambridge, young, ambitious, and reformist, Nasir could be like Ataturk. So Bryan Woodman told her wife, the most he could say in expressing his admiration for the Prince charming, Nasir. What does this symbolize, the mention of the name, Ataturk, in the mouth of an unlikely figure, an energy specialist in a Geneva-based investment company, in a movie like Syriana? No one probably wonders and questions the appropriateness of the name chosen to describe Nasir. For many Ataturk seems the perfect match for our problems in the Middle East. He was well mannered, well dressed, and well educated, could speak French and knew the Western philosophy and lifestyle very well. He could dance in the private gatherings and was a true gentleman to women, marrying only once. His political actions even testify better. Ataturk is an icon of everything the West has wanted to export to the rest of the world: nation building, state building, republicanism, liberation of women. More importantly, he is the champion of secularization. Therefore, in the post 9/11 world, the name, Ataturk, probably arouses even more admiration for he did what is now even unimaginable to many today. He abolished the caliphate, the symbol of political Islam, closed down the madrasahs and Sharia courts, banned the Sufi brotherhoods, changed the Islamic law to a Western law, so and so forth. For many all other modernizers in the Middle East, from Gemal Abdel Naser of Egypt to Reza Shah of Iran failed simply because they could not become Ataturk enough in one way or another. Mustafa Kemal, or famously known as Ataturk, was an Ottoman general, who became a war hero as a commander in the Dardanelles in the First World War. The Ottoman Empire was on the losing side when the war ended and signed the treaty of Sevr, according to which the Turks were left with a small piece of territory in Anatolia, all the former extensive Ottoman lands being divided among various Allied countries. Therefore, when Mustafa Kemal Ataturk landed in Samsun in May of 1919, the country was under foreign occupation. In the following three years under his leadership what is now Turkey (except Hatay province) was cleared off from foreign forces through a combination of war and diplomacy. Starting with the abolition of the sultanate in 1922, Ataturk then led a series of reforms, an important part of which was to rewrite the Turkish history. According to this, the new Republic of Turkey was truly like a phoenix, a legendary bird coming into being from the ashes. This official attitude h ad three mutually reinforcing historical assertions. First, the new republic was a radical break from the past, a novel and original state on its own. Second, the republic owed its existence to the genius of one-man, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Third, and more importantly, the new republic denied any credit to the Ottoman period, claiming that she inherited nothing, but an extremely backward society from the past, implying furthermore whatever good contemporary Turkey now enjoys was all product of the new republic. And, it worked quite successfully. This new image of Turkey was well accepted at home, understandably because the new state propagated its official history with all means available: state rituals, school textbooks, national monuments, which were constructed to serve the myth of Mustafa Kemal as the sole prophet of the Turkish nation and national holidays, such as 19 May or 30 August, which ritualized the celebration and commemoration of important events. More surprisingly perhaps, this new image of Turkey was wholeheartedly accepted abroad. It was probably best reflected in the image of Ataturk himself. Academicians and journalists alike have this image of Ataturk all over as a stubborn idealist, driven only by ideas and ideals with no practical concern at all in other realities all around, a dedicated missionary, who followed not his self-interest, but what he thought as good for his country, a miracle maker turning an Islamic country into a Western society, an extremely magnetic pe rson, whose mystical aura, under which a whole nation united, still has an enduring effect over the central Turkish state institutions, especially, the army, an unbelievably and absolutely powerful figure, nothing but whose likes and dislikes determined the whole historical course of a nation. Thus in every comparison we, as scholars, intellectuals and journalists, made we created an Ataturk, a sort of a Feurbachian figure, who has all attributes we think our hopeless Middle East needs. No question Ataturk was a phenomenal transmitter between the West and Turkey of the formers institutions, lifestyle, and philosophy into the latter. And, he was quite successful in that. His legacy clearly marks Turkey off from the rest of the Islamic world. Without taking into account his reforms, it is almost impossible to explain and understand, for example, the process and associated problems of democratization in Turkey, contemporary Turkish-Kurdish problems, contemporary issues of religion and politics in Turkey, and Turkeys drive toward European Union. Having said that, all forms of unchecked nostalgic and romantic ideas about him will not help us to understand and, if possible, derive lessons from his example for our contemporary world. This paper is an attempt to bring Ataturk from the Olympus Mountain back on the ground, addressing more specifically the following question: what made Ataturk reforms, apparently so radical, possible in the early 20th century Turkey? This has at least two immediate payoffs. First, academically, we will have a much clearer understanding of an important historical period in the history of the Middle East. Second, practically, we will be much more realistic about the do-ability of similar reforms elsewhere. The paper is organized as follows. In the coming section I visit the explanations proposed to account for Ataturk reforms. The underlying logic in these explanations is to show the possible intentions could motivate the reforms. The objection I raise in this paper is that understanding the intentio ns is not enough to explain the reforms. Rather we need analyze how conducive the conditions were to undertake the reforms. Then, I discuss two conditions that were present in Turkey during the time of Ataturk reforms: a strong state and an extremely weakened society and religious community. What Has Been Proposed? The following Ataturk reforms have been generally considered as touching religion and religious institutions in Turkey and as secularizing the Turkish state and society. Historically first introduced, major reforms came in March of 1924: the caliphate was abolished, (3 March), the madrasahs (3 March), the office of Sheikh al Islam (3 March), the ministry of religious affairs and pious foundations (3 March), and the sharia courts (8 March) closed down. A second major set of reforms came in November of 1925: hat reform and dress code were introduced (25 November), Sufi orders closed down and their activities banned (30 November). In October of 1926, the Swiss civil and the Italian penal codes were adopted. In November of 1928, the new Turkish alphabet, adopted from Latin alphabet, was introduced, replacing the Arabic one. And, finally, in November of 1934, religious nicknames and titles, such as, haci (one who went to pilgrimage), hafiz (one who memorized the Quran), hoca (religious te acher), molla (religious student), were banned. As to why Ataturk undertook these reforms, most explanations put forward the following simple story. Because he was extremely impressed by the West, Ataturk wanted to transform the Turkish state and society into something they had never been: western, or modern or secular. For this to happen, he had to cut the ties to the Ottoman past, which had been Islamic. With this master project in mind, Ataturk introduced his reforms. Then, the whole explanation discusses how the aforementioned reforms contributed to the master project guiding Ataturks actions. Bernard Lewis The Emergence of Modern Turkey is probably the best study to be shown as exemplifying the explanations of this sort. Lewis signals this right at the beginning, in Preface saying the theme of this book is the emergence of a new Turkey from the decay of the old. Only in Chapter VIII of the book, titled the Kemalist Republic, he sets out to explain the logic of Ataturk reforms, each reform being an attempt to break the ties with the past. For him, for example, transferring the capital from Istanbul to Ankara was an act against the new Turkeys past. For nearly five centuries Istanbul had been the capital of an Islamic empire†¦ Turkish Istanbul, with its mosques and palaces, its divines and courtiers; Pera, the Levantine suburb†¦ these were intimately associated with the past†¦ And so a new capital was chosen, symbolizing and accentuating the changes that were taking place. Likewise, the caliphate was the link with the past and with Islam. It was precisely for that reason that he [Ataturk] was determined to break it. Hat reform, banning the tall, red, challenging fez proclaiming at once his refusal to conform to the West and his readiness to abase his unimpeded brow before God, was vivid and profound, the forcible transference of a whole nation from one civilization to another. The alphabet reform, with which Mustafa Kemal†¦ was slamming a door to the past as well as opening a door to the future, destroyed the last symbol that bound her [Turkey] to the Orient and set her apart from the Western community of nations -the Arabic script. The Emergence of Modern Turkey was first published in 1961, in the heyday of modernization school. More than forty years later, two Turkish scholars would still speak in the same language. Mustafa Kemal and his supporters imagined a new state modeled on the basic principles and outlines of the European style national state. For them this required a cognitive and political negation of the old regime and an establishment of a new era. There have been fancier attempts in the same spirit. For example, Serif Mardin (1991), a famous Turkish sociologist-historian, argues that Ataturk disliked the Ottoman street, Mahalle, so much that his reforms eliminated the components of the Ottoman street in the new Turkish society. Likewise, Volkan and Itzkowitz (1984) claim, for example, that the alphabet reform reflected Ataturks psychological urge to liberate her mother, who was equated with the Turkish nation in his mind, from the forces of oppression, obscurantism, and superstition. Hence, the ref orm saved the nation, replacing the dead mother now, from the same devils. In contrast to this dominant, excessively idealistic view of Ataturk reforms, there have been, however sporadically attempted, studies proposing alternative explanations grounded more in rationalism or in strategic circumstances of the period. Unlike the idealistic views approach of one-overarching explanation for all reforms, these studies analyze each reform on its own. A discussion of a few examples will suffice for our purpose here. Behind the adoption of the Swiss Civil code in 1926, for example, Dora G. Nadolski sees Turkeys desire to establish full control over its own legal system by destroying the last vestiges of the capitulatory system. Under this system, as G.L. Lewis puts it, foreigners were not subject to Turkish laws; they paid no taxes, their houses and business premises were inviolable, and they could be arrested or deported only by order of their own Ambassadors. This system not only let foreign powers to intervene in internal affairs of Turkey, thus challenging her sovereignty, but also privileged foreigners and non-Muslim Ottoman citizens, who took foreign passports, in the commercial life of Turkey. The capitulations were first abrogated in 1914 unilaterally. However, they were re-imposed again after the First World War to be re-abrogated in the treaty of Lausanne, now recognized by France and Britain. Nadolski (1977) argues that the abrogation was still not complete. It was because the Mecelle, codification of the Sharia based on the Hanefite fiqh and replaced by the Swiss Civil code in 1926, was not itself a complete civil code for it did not contain that portion of the Sharia which treats procedures of family, marriage and inheritance. As a result, secular court systems would not be able to deal with cases related to these issues. This would remain as a possible venue for the foreign power to intervene in lawsuits involving non-Muslim foreigners in Turkey. In any case, Turkey was obliged to adopt a Western law system for its minorities according to the treaty of Lausanne. Rather than keep a dual system, the new regime preferred a unitary legal system within its territories. In short, the adoption of Swiss Civil code meant the abandonment of the dual court system, religious and secular, final abrogation of the remaining vestiges of the capitulatory system, and the abolition of the Mecelle. How well did Turkey in implementing the Swiss Civil Code? The International Association of Legal Sciences met in 1955 to discuss this issue, and Hilmi Ziya Ulken summarizes the finding: of the 937 articles of the Swiss Civil Code, only 335 by 1955 have been used effectively, that in the case of two-thirds of the articles no circumstances to which they are applicable have emerged. Surprisingly, the Swiss Civil Code, was hardly implemented in two areas: family law and land laws, two areas which almost all scholars single out as the Code turning the country truly into a Western or secular one. Why is there a discrepancy between the declared objective and the realized outcome? Here is not the place to speculate on the reasons. However, it is an important question to answer because Turkeys performance in fact may indicate the pragmatism, not idealism, of Turkish rulers in adopting the Swiss Code. It should be also noted that there were minor changes introduced into the Swiss Code before a dopted in Turkey. As noted by Gotthand Jaschke, one change is a telling one. The Code banned marriages between couples if they were milk-bred by the same woman (in Turkish, sut kardesleri), which was clearly from the Islamic law. For the alphabet reform, not only the Turkish reformers themselves but also a few scholars like Uriel Heyd (1954) and Frank Tachau (1977) noted the inefficiency and the inability of the Arabic script to render Turkish words and expressions as correctly as possible. There are a few inefficiencies to be noted. First, there are no letters in Arabic script for certain sounds of Turkish, like p as p in put, j as g in mortgage, à § as ch in chat and ÄŸ. This problem was easy to solve for some other symbols, like Ù ¾ for p, Ú˜ for j, Ú†, for à § stood for them. More serious problem was with the Turkish vowels. In Arabic vowels are not written. Even for a native Arab speaker this may pose a trouble in cases where the endings of words change in accordance with grammatical functions they have in a specific sentence. Two factors alleviate the problem for native Arab speakers. First, Arabic is an extremely structured language. Second, there are basically three vowel sounds in Arabic. T urkish does not enjoy the same advantages. For example, there are eight vowels in Turkish, a as in a in father, e as e in red, Ä ± as e in open, i as ee in beet, o as o in no, à ¶ as e in her, u as oo in pool, and à ¼ as u in nude. There were some introductions into the Ottoman script to represent the Turkish vowels, Ùˆ, Ù‰, and Ø § used in the place of vowels. However, the solution was not complete; for example, Ù„Ø ¤ could be pronounced as either lu, là ¼, lo or là ¶, Finally, لى as li or lÄ ±. In addition to the confusions that may arise with the vowels, there are not only letters in Arabic script that have no corresponding sound in Turkish, like Ø ¹ and Ù‚, but also quite a number of letters that are close enough that will sound like one sound to a native Turkish ear. For the example of this latter group, Ø ¶, Ø ², Ø °, and Ø ¸, all sound very close to the Turkish letter z as z in zip; Ø · and Ø ªvery close to the Turkish letter t as t in top; à ™â€¡ , Ø ®, and Ø ­, very close to the Turkish letter h as h in hot; Ø ³ and Ø µ very close to the Turkish letter s as s in sand. Therefore, in an age of the modern states educating their citizens en masse, the alphabet reform seems quite efficient step to take. In fact, literacy level rapidly increased in Turkey, which can be attributed in part to the alphabet reform. When we analyze each reform within its own particular context, paying particular attention to domestic and international factors involved at the time of the reform, we face a rather different picture of Ataturk reforms, a different set of factors at work. For many this is not surprising because different paradigms, grounding the motivations of actors in different factors, be it idealistic or materialistic or individual-psychological or structural, are at work in different analyses. In this paper I neither offer another explanation, challenging the existing explanations of Ataturk reforms, nor visit the old debates among various paradigms. In fact, I firmly believe that this debate has been a healthy one for our understanding of politics, therefore, should continue. Rather I want to offer here a complimentary analysis, focusing instead on the factors that affected the reformers opportunities, making the reforms possible. Why is this latter analysis important? Any analysis, just focusing on the motivations of Turkish rulers in introducing the reforms, suffers from at least two weaknesses. First, such an analysis portrays, either implicitly or explicitly, an image of Ataturk who was absolutely powerful and extremely magical. His personal wishes, likes and dislikes will matter more than any other reason. Not only logically, but also historically this is unacceptable if we are not a sort of a Carlylian hero-worshipper. Any reading of his long speech, called Nutuk, delivered in 15-20 October 1927, will show conclusively that his authority was not well established up until 1927. His speech later became the official Turkish historiography, in which Mustafa Kemal discredited not only the sultan in Istanbul, but also his former colleagues, who actually fought in the independence war, and emphasized his own role and the novelty and originality of the national movement he had led. Second, and more importantly, such an analysis will invite us to make more speculations on why some other reform suggestions, as logical as those already introduced and implemented, were not implemented or never introduced in the first place. The most notable example was Ataturks personal initiative to turkify the language of basic Islamic rituals, like adhan, preaching in the Friday prayer and the Quran recitation. In this vein, in the month of Ramadan in 1932, he visited Istanbul to promote the recitation of the Quran in Turkish. He personally participated in the programs held in 22 January 1932 in Yerebatan Mosque, then in the Sultanahmet Mosque on 29 January of 1932. The most impressive program was held in Ayasofya mosque on 3 February 1932. Not only the Quran, but also the adhan was recited in Turkish, the whole program being aired in the radio. The final novelty was introduced on 5 February 1932, Ataturk personally asking Hafiz Sadettin Kaynak, who later became a famous compose r, to deliver the Friday prayer preaching in Turkish, Kaynak wearing western clothes rather than traditional religious garbs. The adhan in Turkish had been successfully implemented until 1950 when the Democrat Party lifted the ban on the adhan in Arabic. In Turkey, preaching in the Friday prayers is still held in Turkish except for the final parts which are in Arabic. But, for reasons unknown to us, Ataturk simply did not pursue the idea of the Quran recitation further, devoting his time to the purification of Turkish language from Persian and Arabic from then on. There were other reform potentials in Turkey. For example, the language of Islamic prayer, namaz, could also be turkified for there were suggestions along this line. In fact, in 1926 a certain imam of Goztepe Mosque in Istanbul, Celalettin Efendi, led the prayer in Turkish, upon which he was fired from the Directorate of Religious Affairs. But, apparently, Ataturk was not interested in the idea for we do not know any attempt on his side to promote the prayer in Turkish. Ataturk also did not pursue the idea of banning the veil for women, which Reza Shah of Iran and King Emanullah of Afghanistan, both being contemporary of Ataturk, pursued in their countries. In fact when King Emanullah was overthrown, Ataturk was reported to say I warned him to proceed slowly on the issue of womens veil. What Made Reforms Possible? Unlikely Conditions Like any other politician, whose authority was not inherited, but obtained, Ataturk faced opposition at every stage from his landing in Samsun on. He was not alone in the leadership cadre of the independence movement. This can readily be seen through a comparative reading of memoirs, written by individuals like Kazim Karabekir, Halide Edip Adivar, Ali Fuat Cebesoy, Riza Nur, Rauf Orbay, who wrote their own narratives of the independence war in response to Ataturks Nutuk. In contrast to one-man leadership of Nutuk, these narratives show the agency and significance of a plurality of leaders and common people who took part in the Independence Struggle and the process of nation building in the twenties. Ataturk and his clique, therefore, competed with other political rivals both during and after the war of independence. During the war, for example, some former Unionists attempted to replace Mustafa Kemal with Enver Pasha, Ottoman minister of war during the First World War. Only Ataturks successful command of the Turkish forces in the war of Sakarya killed the dreams of Enver Pasha. There was even more serious challenge to Mustafa Kemal and his clique in the Turkish parliament. There emerged a group in the parliament, consisting of 118 deputies opposing Mustafa Kemal, the remaining 197 deputies supporting him. After the war, Mustafa Kemal organized his supporters into a political party, the Peoples Party, and called for an election. The opponents could not organize into a single party and lost the elections. Out of 118 deputies only 3 could get into the second parliament. It was this second parliament, which declared Turkey as a republic and elected Mustafa Kemal as its president. Opposition to Mustafa Kemal even continued in the second parliament, now led by much more formidable opponents. In November of 1924, the first leaders of the independence war, Rauf Orbay, Refet Bele, Ali Fuat Cebesoy, and Kazim Karabekir, commanding great reputation and respect both in the army and among the masses, formed an opposition party in the parliament. The party was joined by others, who resigned from Ataturks party. According to a calculation, the percentage of military officials in this party was 44 percent, in contrast to just 18 percent in Ataturks party. Especially, the Istanbul bureaucracy, who was not happy to lose their privileges with the shift of capital to Ankara, was behind Rauf Orbay, himself a war hero during the First World War. In the memoirs of these individuals one strongly feels how marginalized they saw themselves in the post-Ottoman Turkey by those, who joined the war of independence late yet were close to Ataturk. In the meantime, a massive Kurdish rebe llion broke out in the Eastern Anatolia in February of 1925, giving Ataturk and his clique, controlling the government and the parliament, an opportunity to accuse the opposition party of inspiring the rebellion. The party was closed in June of 1925. One year later an assassination attempt on the life of Mustafa Kemal was thwarted in Izmir. An extra-ordinary court was formed, entirely run by the deputies of Ataturks party. The court ruled the execution of 19 former Unionists and jailed Rauf Orbay. Partly due to public outcry, Ali Fuat Cebesoy and Kazim Karabekir were released. Only after the trials ended, resulting in the complete exile from active political life of all possible political rivals, Ataturk and his clique could feel secure in their positions. As a side note, it is rumored that toward the end of his life, Ataturk wanted to heal the broken-hearts of his friends, but no meeting between him and his former colleagues and then rivals materialized as far as we know. An interesting anecdote is illustrative of his approach toward dealing with the opposition. It was during the committee meetings in the Turkish parliament in 1922. The issue was whether to abolish the Sultanate or not. The ulama members of the committee engaged in a hot scholarly debate about whether the caliphate and the sultanate could be separated. Enraged by these never ending debates, Mustafa Kemal interrupted the committee meeting and asked for permission to speak up. Granted, he bluntly said: Sovereignty and Sultanate are not given to anyone by anyone because scholarship proves that they should be; or through discussion or debate. Sovereignty and Sultanate are taken by strength, by power and by force. It was by force that the sons of Osman seized sovereignty and Sultanate of the Turkish nation; they have maintained this usurpation for six centuries. Now the Turkish nation has rebelled, has put a stop to these usurpers, and has effectively taken sovereignty and Sultanate into i ts own hands. This is an accomplished fact -the question is merely how to give expression to it. This will happen in any case. If those gathered here, the assembly and everyone else could look at this question in a natural way, I think they would agree. Even if they do not, the truth will still find expression, but some heads may roll in the process, in the final sentence, waving his hand toward the members around their necks. Ataturk was indeed a man of his word, not failing to resort to force if his authority was challenged. And, as I briefly described above, his authority did not go unchallenged. Yet, there is a feature common to all opponents of Ataturk. They had no societal power base, their influence coming mostly from their positions in the state apparatus. The elimination of none of the potential rivals in fact led to massive protests from the society. Only Seyh Said rebellion, which broke out in 1925 in Eastern Anatolia, does not fit into this category. It was a massive rebellion, led by a Kurdish Nakshi Seyh. Yet, it is better to consider this rebellion not as a domestic opposition to Ataturk, but to the whole idea of Turkish state by the Kurdish populations in Eastern Anatolia. In this nature of the opposition we can clearly see two important mutually reinforcing conditions, which, in my opinion, made the Turkish reforms possible. First, by the time Ataturk came to power, the Turkish state had already eliminated all possible societal power bases, thanks to the Ottoman modernization. The Ottoman modernization had been driven by the necessities of the international military environment. With Russia alone, the Ottomans fought four major wars in the 19th century in 1806-1811, 1828-1829, 1853-1856, and 1877-1878. Internal rebellions especially in the Balkans paralyzed the Empire throughout the same century. The Ottomans survival as an independent political entity depended among other things on the intricate working of balance of power. Territorial losses and commercial concessions followed up every defeat in the field, the magnitude of which ultimately depended on the will of other powers involved. Though severely shaken by the tidal waves of every international military confrontation and internal problem, the Ottomans survived the 19th century. Against this background of ever-increasingly hostile international environment, uninterruptedly from the period of Mahmud II (1808-1839) on, the Ottomans tenaciously pursued reforms by all available means in the military, the administration, state finance, education and the legal system. After abolishing the Janissaries in 1826, Mahmud II established a new army upon European model. The successive Ottoman statesmen later expanded the army in size and updated it with the newest technology. In this vein, the Empire heavily imported arms supplies from Germany, Britain and France. Thus, the Ottoman Empire became â€Å"one of the most important markets for armaments in the world.† The Ottoman statesmen also hired foreign military personnel in the army, opened new military colleges, modernized the new reforms, and introduced conscription. If exhausted all domestic resources, the Ottoman statesmen sought for external financial resources from foreign governments and international finan cial institutions to continue the reforms. Eventually, the Ottoman government became so indebted that it declared bankruptcy in 1878, and deferred the collection of certain revenues to a European controlled institution, the Ottoman Public Debt Administration, in 1881. The success of the Ottoman modernization can be best seen in her performance in the First World War. The Ottoman Empire entered the war in November of 1914 on the side of the Central Powers. The Empire was the least populous and the most economically backward among the major powers of the war. In the words of a military historian, â€Å"By 1914, the Ottoman Empire had fallen far behind the European Great Powers in every category of resources necessary for the conduct of modern war.† Yet, the Empire fought in the war quite impressively. By far superior, Russia could not finish the war and succumbed into a revolution in 1917. Only when it became evident that the Germans lost the war, the Ottomans stopped fighting. As late as 1917 in the war, the Ottomans were still holding the southern frontiers against the British and the French. During the World War, the Ottoman Empire could mobilize more than two million troops, and could fight in five frontiers spreading over a vast area. Th e state could mobilize all resources of the country for the war efforts, not only through forceful means, but also through voluntary organizations. The strengthening of the state went in tandem with the weakening of other societal institutions. In fact, the Ottoman modernization truly started after Mahmud II eliminated two powerful groups in the Ottoman society: the janissaries and the local strong families, or the ayans. The bloody suppression of Seyh Said rebellion in 1925 was a part of this process of demilitarizing the society, by and large completed among the Turkish populations by the 1920s and was to be completed among the Kurdish populations by the end of the 1930s. Religious institutions also weakened in the face of ever-strengthening Turkish state. This was natural because the Ottoman modernization did not remain within the field of military, but spilled out into education and legal system, two strongholds of religious institutions. Neither Mahmud IIs reforms nor later reforms in fact meant a frontal attack on the privileges of the religious institutions. The Ottoman reforms did not eradicate all livelihoods of the Sun ni Ulema; instead they created a new space for the newly educated classes in parallel existence with the one existing for the Ulema. Religious courts and schools continued to work alo

Essay --

Morgan Pesante Professor Katherin Nolte English 2326 17 December 2013 Raymond Carver: Cathedral 1. In â€Å"Feather’s,† the somewhat silent and solemn dinner the two couples share impacts Jack and Fran’s lives, as that night transpires into an attempted â€Å"change† within their marriage. While Fran pinpoints that evening as an immediate shift, Jack believes the change came later, after their child was born. Jack recalls, â€Å"The change came later—and when it came, it was like something that happened to other people, not something that could have happened to us† (Carver). Throughout the dinner, the author parallels Jack and Fran to Bud and Olla. Together, Bud and Olla exhibit characteristics that Jack and Fran’s relationship lacks: love, affection and the family they have created with Joey and Harold. Jack and Fran strive for this type of bond, and although they attempt to achieve it after being given a glimpse at the dinner, they fall short. As much as Jack and Fran want to aspire to be like Bud and Olla, they never reach th at next level. They are never able to utilize the peacock feathers. 2. The ending of â€Å"A Small, Good Thing† results in Ann, Howard and the baker sitting together, eating and listening to the baker’s life story. Although Ann and Howard come into the bakery with fury, the baker opens up to them because he sees how much they are suffering from the loss of their son, Scotty. Ann is â€Å"suddenly hungry† not only because she has physical hunger, but also because she is aching for emotional connection after the loss of her son. The baker may not be able to understand their individual pain, but by revealing his own agony he is allowing Ann and Howard to begin to process their sufferings as well. It didn’t heal them, but his small g... ... of â€Å"Cathedral,† it becomes apparent that the narrator’s affection for the blind man has positively shifted as they sit down and begin to draw the cathedral together. After a failed attempt to explain what a cathedral is to the blind man, the narrator is surprised at the encouragement Robert gives. Robert asks the narrator to close his eyes, to ultimately trust him, and the narrator listens. â€Å"My eyes were still closed. I was in my house. I knew that. But I didn’t feel like I was inside anything,† the narrator stated (Carver). This text suggests that the narrator was not necessarily concerned about what he was drawing, but on the feeling he was experiencing during that moment. The narrator is no longer isolated, but open to a new freedom (Esch). This freedom is beyond what is visible – and Robert, the blind man, reiterates this by his presence and lack of sight.

Eli Lilly: Developing Cymbalta

Eli Lilly and company is a pharmaceutical company that was established in 1876 by Colonel Eli Lilly, who had served in the union army during the Civil War. One of the products the company developed includes the antidepressant drug Prozac, which has been a legendary product for the company and has generated billions of dollars since its launch. As Prozac’s patent expiration date approached, thereby allowing the sale of generic versions in the U. S. , the company decided to pursue a product to replace Prozac, named Cymbalta. John Kaiser, the marketing director at Eli Lilly and member of a cross-functional R&D team, new anti-depressant team (NAT), has been tasked to lead this effort. Kaiser prepared a presentation about the potential successor, Cymbalta, and convened a meeting with the NAT members to discuss its future potential. The goal of the meeting was to thoroughly analyze and discuss the pros and cons about Cymbalta’s development and strategic opportunities based on the different options of use. This paper will identify the strategic issues and problems the NAT faced in developing the new product. The paper will then analyze and evaluate the industry and market behavior by using a SWOT analysis. Finally, this paper will offer a set of recommendations based on the surrounding circumstances and options available to the Eli Lilly team. Identification of the strategic issues and problems: Eli Lilly and company’s NAT members began the process of searching for a successful replacement to Prozac by looking into the strategic choices, possibilities, and successful launch of a replacement shortly after the expiration of Prozac’s patent. Cymbalta was considered as a viable successor to Prozac because it seemed a) to be as good as or better than existing antidepressants, b) to show no signs of safety precautions or toxicity issues, c) to meet previous unmet patient needs, and d) to show promising signs of development as a product to also treat pain, especially if it did not cause special side effects. However, when Lilly developed Cymbalta back in the early 1990’s, for the major depressive disorder (MDD) market, the product failed to show satisfactory levels of efficacy for treating MDD in phase 2 trials in 1993. Additionally, Lilly had so little experience in the therapeutic area. Moreover, there were variances in the opinions of Neurologists and Psychiatrists related to the symptoms of pain, such as chronic back pain or recurring headache tied to depression. Those variances could peril the decision making process from the top management. Also, since there were no clear guidelines from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for the development of pain indications associated to depression, the likelihood of FDA approval was very slim. Kaiser and the team also encountered several constraints. The team had to decide how to prioritize the clinical trials for Cymbalta within the range of $25 to $50 million and a time frame of 15 to 18 months to design, enroll patients for trial, and then analyze and document results for the clinical trial. Each study was a major task for the NAT members and the team had the opportunity to submit only one objective to the FDA for marketing approval. On the other hand, since Cymbalta had been tested with twice daily dosages of 20 mg, 30 mg, and 40 mg, NAT members also looked into the option of conducting a new set of clinical trials to establish once-a-day dosage of 60 mg of Cymbalta to treat Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The new option would provide more expedient dosing for patients and would also put the product on par with the major competitors. Analysis and Evaluation: The U. S. pharmaceutical industry is complex and dynamic. It’s an industry that is characterized by high-tech research and development (R&D) expenditures and extensive regulation of its products, especially in comparison with other manufacturing sectors. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversee policies that produce faster review and approval times for drugs. The agency carefully evaluates the safety of any new drug and its efficacy. Such policies result in extended periods during which companies can exclusively market their pharmaceutical products. Longer periods of market exclusivity for pharmaceuticals then increase sales revenues, and increased sales revenues in turn lead to greater profits and potentially more funding for R&D. Treatment of depression is one area that the U. S. pharmaceutical industry has heavily invested in. The total sales of U. S. antidepressants reached close to $9 billion in the year 2000. Companies such as Eli Lilly capitalized on this opportunity and became a leading force in the antidepressant market with its Prozac drug. Antidepressant product development companies invest heavily in Research and Development (R&D), and patent it. With each successful launch of a product, they enjoy its patent rights for quite a long period of time and enjoy the exclusive rights to produce and sell that product resulting in enormous profits for the company. Thus, drug companies continuously attempt to differentiate their product from competitors and bundle in such a way that is more tailored to segment of the market where they can realize higher profits. SWOT Analysis: Strengths: †¢Potential successor to a highly successful brand – Prozac from a well-established company in the pharmaceutical industry. Part of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) group of drugs, which is popular and had fewer side effects than tricyclic anti-depressant (TCA) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). †¢Potential to treat both depression and chronic pain, such as headache and backache caused by depression. Weaknesses: †¢Product that is not different from competitors' brands. †¢Twice-a-day dosing regimen of 20-40 mg. Threats: †¢Serious market competition from competitors' brands such as Paxils and Zoloft with same efficacy. No clear concession amongst physicians as to the nature of link between depression and pain. †¢Attempting to compare Cymbalta to existing SSRI on pain might fail to conclusively separate from competitors, thus giving rival drugs an implicit endorsement for treating pain. Opportunities: †¢Potential development of 60 mg once-a-day dosage with high efficacy. †¢The possibility of pursuing patients with fibromyalgia (severe muscle pain and chronic fatigue) and Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain or DPNP (a painful and debilitating complication of diabetes). According to the National Studies of Health, over 40 million Americans were unable to find relief from their pain, including patients with fibromyalgia and DPNP. Pros and Cons of Plausible Alternatives: If developed successfully, Cymbalta could be a unique product that has the ability to significantly reduce and improve depression and pain. Patients with fibromyalgia and DPNP could greatly benefit from Cymbalta. The pain relief may also be great for patients who suffer from depression and chronic pain like headache and backache. The NAT’s idea of pursuing the 60 mg daily dosage is also attractive if it delivers the same efficacy of current antidepressant drugs in the market. However, all of this comes with its perils. The company has to evaluate the risks and any potential side effects that the 60 mg per day dosage may have on patients. They also have to assess the feasibility of conducting a clinical trial with a 15 to 18 months’ timeframe and a projected cost of $25 to $50 million. Additionally, they would have to convince the FDA that the new product is ready to market. Failure of any of the aforementioned obstacles could result in loss of the antidepressant market to competitors. Recommendations: Depression and chronic pain diseases, such as fibromyalgia and DPNP, have a profound effect in society at large. Studies in scientific publications have estimated that depression affects 10% to 25% of the population. The antidepressant market in the U. S. in 2000 totaled sales of approximately $9 billion. Eli Lilly has positioned itself well in this market segment. The company has enjoyed a market lead with annual sales of over $2 billion with its antidepressant drug, Prozac. Cymbalta needs to focus on maintaining and increasing that $2 billion dollar revenue Prozac has achieved over the past years, by building on the successful foundations Prozac has already established. It is important to develop an updated product that will undoubtedly outperform its competitors. Cymbalta might be a successful replacement because of its good efficacy or efficacy better than existing antidepressants, Cymbalta also has no apparent safety or toxicity issues, and its possibilities of meeting a previously unmet patient needs, exemplifies why Cymbalta has the potential to total higher record sales than even Prozac.

Quebec should not separate essays

Quebec should not separate essays Quebec should remain in Canada for numerous reasons. Not all Quebecers wish to separate from Canada, only portions of Francophones do. A unilateral declaration of independence would ignore the wishes of the immigrants, natives and Anglophones to remain in Canada. This is unfair and undemocratic. The Supreme Court of Canada ruled against unilateral declaration of independence as well. Quebec separatists argue about the province being underprivileged while it receives more funding than any other province and that the French culture and language are in danger of assimilation. The separatists leave out those who are not Francophone. Their desire to separate is undemocratic by including those who wish to stay in Canada in a unilateral declaration of independence. Northern Quebec has its own native population comprising of Cree, Inuit and Innu. When the Quebec native Inuit held their own referendum asking, "do you agree that Quebec should become sovereign?" 95% of them voted no to that question. (Makivik) Clearly, the natives are against Quebec sovereignty. The Innuit have declared that they will use their legal rights to remain in Canada in the event of a Quebec separation. In 1996, Zebedee Nungak, leader of the Inuit of Nunavik (northern Quebec) delivered a speech representing the Innuits view regarding Quebec sovereignty. The Innuit prefer a strong Quebec within a united Canada. (Makivik) He hinted that if Quebec votes to separate from Canada, Inuit will remain in Canada. Furthermore, Nungak claims that the Inuit signed the James Bay and Northern Q uebec Agreement with Quebec in Canada. If Quebec leaves, then no one can ascertain the Inuits position on Quebec. Furthermore, the Cree natives wish to remain in Canada in the event of a Quebec separation. The Cree feel that they are a people with a right to self-determination recognized under international law. They maintain that their territory will n...

Yorktown Technologies

Yorktown Technologies Strategic Problem and issue Identification Yorktown Technologies markets its GloFish to different customers in different parts of the world. The firm requires a powerful marketing strategy in order to get the best outcomes. In 2004, the company made numerous losses thus affecting its future goals.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Yorktown Technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This situation explains why Alan Blake required a powerful strategy in order to support Yorktown Technologies’ goals. GloFish has the capability to detect toxins in contaminated water. Some policies made it impossible â€Å"for Yorktown Technologies to market the fish in different parts such as California† (Kerin and Peterson 406). However, the level of consumer-acceptance was on the rise. The other important thing was to create several varieties of the zebra fish. It was also necessary to develop and enhance the produc t. Many investors were becoming impatient because Yorktown Technologies was not making the best profits. The first strategy towards a successful business was to have a proper distribution channel. The major considerations included â€Å"kiosks, the internet, independent pet stores, and chain stores† (Kerin and Peterson 413). The firm was â€Å"also failing to display the fish under optimal conditions† (Kerin and Peterson 413). That being the case, the important thing was for the firm to have a proper marketing strategy. Analysis and Evaluation Blake was ready to make his company successful. To begin with, he had acquired â€Å"genetically modified fish in order to address the ecological issues affecting the business† (407). A new campaign was required in order to attract more customers. The important thing was to inform more people about the product. The approach would also increase the market demand for the fish. More people in the country were purchasing the f ish for ornamental purposes. Different â€Å"competitors were using various distribution channels and outlets to market freshwater ornamental fish† (412).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This situation shows clearly that the market was embracing the above product. Although Yorktown Technologies was becoming a leading player in its industry, it was the right time to have a powerful marketing strategy. The leading retail chains were also unwilling to market the company’s product. It was also costly to lease space in different outlets and shopping malls. Blake was also considering the possibility of using the internet to market this fish (Kerin and Peterson 413). However, the strategy would be costly for the firm. The other consideration was to market the product internationally. Alan Blake also wanted to produce sterilized fish in order to deal wit h illegal breeding. Blake targeted various markets in Canada, Europe, and Australia. However, this approach would attract many competitors thus affecting the company’s goals. New companies were â€Å"also marketing genetically modified fish in the United States† (Kerin and Peterson 413). Recommendations Yorktown Technologies must use a powerful strategy in order to achieve its potentials. The company should begin by analyzing the level of competition. The firm should also identify new markets in Europe, Asia, and Australia. A powerful strategy will ensure the firm displays its ornamental fish in a proper manner. The company should also use online marketing in order to attract more customers. The company can use a powerful advertising strategy in order to inform more people about this ornamental fish (Kerin and Peterson 412). Different social sites such as Facebook and Pinterest can produce the best outcomes. Yorktown Technologies should also use the 4Ps (product, promo tion, place, and price) of marketing. The firm will use this strategy to market its GloFish to more consumers. A proper distribution channel will also attract more customers. The approach will eventually make Yorktown Technologies successful.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Yorktown Technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kerin, Roger, and Robert Peterson. Strategic Marketing Problems: Case and Comments. Upper-Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009. Print.